Modified:
08 Oct 2008
by Admin

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Yes:

33%

No:

67%

Neutral:

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Debatewise debate DEBATE: THE UK GOVERNMENT SHOULD CONSIDER A SEVERE DOWNSIZING OF ITS ARMED FORCES

In the last century Great Britain went from being perhaps the greatest colonial power to little more than a legacy in the international sphere. In spite of its lessened global stature (now ranking 5th in terms of world GDP, with one of the world's slowest growth rates) the United Kingdom continues to uphold one of the most active global military presences, with recent excursions into Sierra Leone, Afghanistan and Iraq. Should UK citizens be proud of the actions taken by its armed forces, or ask the Ministry of Defence to adhere more stringently to its title, and only contribute to international peacekeeping through the UN?





Debatewise debateTHE UK GOVERNMENT SHOULD CONSIDER A SEVERE DOWNSIZING OF ITS ARMED FORCES


There are no military threats that require such a large army


Who were the last four invaders of Great Britain? Answer: Germany, France, the Netherlands and Scotland. Are any of these nations conceivably a threat anymore?
Since at least the 1700s there has not been a considerable invasion of a European nation from any other continent, excluding perhaps the odd rumbling around Turkey and its bordering states.
Any state that currently has the means to launch an invasion upon us (so that would be America, then), would probably be successful if they tried. But why would they try? There’s certainly not anything in it for them.
If any other nation gears up to threaten us, it’s going to fire up a response from more powerful nations and no-one will even look our way – we’ll be equally as significant as during the Cold War.
Even if we cover all our bases, there is not a conceivable security threat that requires the military presence we have today: such a large army can ONLY be maintained for the purposes of enforcing our own brand of politics abroad.

This argument assumes too much of the future. Major strategists argue that one cannot predict the future as theorists have tried after every major successive war to declare world peace. History has a continuity, meaning that any potential threat must be accounted for. Most strategists who predicted in the 1990s that terrorism was the new war are currently biting their tongue at the prospect of a potential Sino-Russian axis, or merely just the prospect of a rising Chinese superpower. If there is any chance of a future threat, it would be prudent to maintain a proficient military now rather than have to start from scratch later. States can do things for ideological purposes or to quell domestic dissent at home. The reasons for invasion don’t have to merely be obvious to everyone. Essentially, international relations is unpredictable.
In addition, this argument implies that military force is simply kept for the immoral act of imposing political systems upon others. What about when intervention is necessary for humanitarian purposes – arguably in Bosnia, Kosovo. Military action is a flexible tool.
Finally, our military has been gradually reduced since the end of the Cold War, making this argument less and less relivent anyway.


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Debatewise debateTHE UK GOVERNMENT SHOULD CONSIDER A SEVERE DOWNSIZING OF ITS ARMED FORCES


Shame on the UK military tradition?


Many of the arguments vocalised for maintaining a large UK military presence worldwide refer to our unique position in international politics that can be traced back over the centuries as a nation with backbone, sticking up for ourselves and others against oppression and cruelty.
Two Great Wars, calling for genuine heroicism, have successfully disguised the true nature of the British military regime: volunteers fooled into thinking that they are serving their country rather than the whims of glory-hunting monarchs and privileged army generals, invasions of the European mainland for sport and reputation, firing upon innocent citizens from Ireland to Kenya, and the violent enforcement of our way of life upon others from the Crusades to colonialism. It is a precedent that has led the UK in recent times to continually refute its obligation to international organisations such as the League of Nations and the United Nations.
Were the UK to lay down its power to go it alone, it may take a more considered approach to international relations, contributing forces to international peace keeping organisations rather than insisting upon riding roughshod over the values of co-operation and joint action as it has for centuries.

While this is a passionate argument, I would disagree with it. Our liberal culture has coloured perceptions of the two world wars and has obscured certain truths. For example, most modern historians have begun to refute the assertion that the leading officers of the First World War were of a poor quality and that World War One was a needless slaughter. In essence, both world wars were a reflection of the international system and one must remain dispassionate about their conduct in order to analyse their meanings. It is an oversimplification to say that volunteers were ‘fooled’ into their role as soldiers. At one point does one distinguish between the propaganda of recruitment and genuine human desire to serve the community from which we derive? Even as educated people today, there still exist many who strive to serve their country in a military way and it has been culturally imbedded in the mainstream that a soldier is an honourable/brave/admirable being. This is a reciprical relationship – if people didn’t believe in the military institution then they would not publically applaud the troops who return from Afghanistan/Iraq to such an extent.
Following this, the examples cited (Kenya, Ireland) are a matter of perspective. While we may find colonialism a disgrace today, we should realise that it was part of a historical context. Many European powers sought an empire and the British empire was merely the biggest. As such, many contemporaries saw these examples as methods of policing and many British people were in agreement with the logic of empire.


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Debatewise debateTHE UK GOVERNMENT SHOULD CONSIDER A SEVERE DOWNSIZING OF ITS ARMED FORCES


International co-operation is a genuine alternative


The UK hasn’t strictly ‘gone it alone’ since the colonial era – even the independent sending of troops to Sierra Leone happened whilst there was already a UN presence in the country.
A committment to peace-keeping only through the UN would save on resources, and set an example that co-operation is the only way out of hegemony. Besides, which of the recent military action that has taken place outside of the UN’s approval would we not be better off without?

This sounds a little utopian. What would be the inclinations for a power that percieves itself as great to give up its right to a military culture? In essence, this is an admirable position, but is wholly unrealistic. Other powers may simply exploit Britain’s surrendering of power status in order to project their own power on their regional neighbours. It is unlikely that the world will share Britain’s vision.
All theories of international relations have to work on the presumption that we live in nation-states without world government. The failure of the UN to install even the means for a common security policy are evident of the world’s rejection of multilateralism. Even if Britain surrenders its use of force, others won’t.


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Debatewise debateTHE UK GOVERNMENT SHOULD CONSIDER A SEVERE DOWNSIZING OF ITS ARMED FORCES


A response to the first point for.


The potential gains would be financial and political. We would be seen as a more peaceful country which may gain us more respect worldwide. The expenditure on keeping the armed forces could be used for other public services such as the NHS or schools.

Perhaps the reason Britain has not been the subject of so many invasions was its former status as a hegemonic power, a status provided by its military strength and appropriate use of force against would-be contenders.
"Since at least the 1700s there has not been a considerable invasion of a European nation from any other continent," well aside from the Ottoman Empire and Egypt that’s true but what about Russia? Admittedly a European nation but also a constant threat, most notably the Soviet Union during the Cold War taking most of Eastern Europe.
"Such a large army can ONLY be maintained for the purposes of enforcing our own brand of politics abroad." The connatation here is clearly a negative one. I imagine you see the involvement in Sierra Leone as a return to Britain’s damn imperialism, never mind the breaking of the West Side Boys hold on Freetown or the ending of the Taylor Rebels helping pull the poorest nation on the planet out of a state of civil war. Actually no you’re right British involvement is a terrible thing.
The Navy is already running at a minimal strength in order to keep up with the demands placed on it by the government, protecting trade routes, providing humitarian aid and protecting British protectarates and territory abroad along side its role as a fighting force.
If the UK needed to carry out a bi-lateral or a limited multi-lateral operation, what other states wold cooperate if Britain expected them to provide a large amount of man-power? And if it needed to carry out an act of self-help, act alone as far as military is concerned (eg the Falklands War) how would this be possible with an undermanned force?
In conclusion to severely downsize the armed forces would be a mistake, to say there is no threat to the mainland now does not mean there never will be one. To downsize the military capabilities of the UK to a purely defencive role would be to completely remove an option in foreign relations that has been available for millenia, it would further decrease the powe of Britain on an international level whilst at the same time increasing the nations reliance on the support of other states. Such a move is very dangerous if not illogical in the system of anarchy which states reside in.
To severely downsize the armed forces is a move which amounts to large potential losses with no gains, potential or otherwise.


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